Custom Number Formatting in Excel
20 May

Custom Number Formatting in Excel

Custom Number Formatting in Excel There's a temptation, when building a model, to just type "10.0x" directly into a cell. It looks right. The problem is that Excel now treats that cell as text. You can't run calculations on it, it won't aggregate correctly, and any formula referencing it will likely...

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Copy and Pasting in Excel
27 Apr

Copy and Pasting in Excel

Copy and Paste in Excel Essential Shortcuts Every Finance Professional Should Know For finance professionals, Excel isn't just a tool. It's the language of the job. Whether you're building a three-statement model, stress-testing assumptions in a DCF, or consolidating data across multiple worksheets, the speed and precision with which you work in...

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Navigating Between Excel Worksheets and Files
27 Apr

Navigating Between Excel Worksheets and Files

Navigating Between Excel Worksheets and Files Shortcuts Every Finance Professional Should Know In finance, your Excel workbooks are rarely simple. A fully built financial model might span a dozen worksheets — assumptions, income statement, balance sheet, cash flow, debt schedule, DCF, and supporting analyses all living in the same file. Knowing how...

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10 Jul

What is Pandas

Table of Contents 1. Introduction: What is Pandas?Pandas is a powerful Python library for working with structured financial data. It provides intuitive data structures—like Series (for single columns of data) and DataFrames (for full tables)—that make it easy to clean, analyze, and transform datasets such as price histories, income statements, trading...

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Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)/Depreciation
19 Apr

Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)/Depreciation

What are capital expenditures? Capital expenditures are amounts spent to acquire tangible assets that will be used for more than one year in the operations of a business.  Examples are plant, machinery, equipment, computer software.  These amounts are “capitalized” to the balance sheet as assets and through the income statement over...

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17 Apr

Working Capital

What is working capital? The high level definition of working capital is simply: current assets minus current liabilities.  The three most common working capital items are accounts receivable (asset), inventory (asset) and accounts payable (liability).  These are balance sheet accounts that the company needs to run its business.  For example, receivables...

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15 Apr

Valuation Using Growth Adjusted Multiples

Valuation Using Growth Adjusted Multiples Using comparable trading multiples is a common way to value a company or an asset. In an efficient market, it makes sense that investors should be willing to pay roughly the same amount (per dollar of cash flow or earnings, etc.) for two similar companies. But...

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