Copy and Pasting in Excel
27 Apr

Copy and Pasting in Excel

Copy and Paste in Excel Essential Shortcuts Every Finance Professional Should Know For finance professionals, Excel isn't just a tool. It's the language of the job. Whether you're building a three-statement model, stress-testing assumptions in a DCF, or consolidating data across multiple worksheets, the speed and precision with which you work in...

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Navigating Between Excel Worksheets and Files
27 Apr

Navigating Between Excel Worksheets and Files

Navigating Between Excel Worksheets and Files Shortcuts Every Finance Professional Should Know In finance, your Excel workbooks are rarely simple. A fully built financial model might span a dozen worksheets — assumptions, income statement, balance sheet, cash flow, debt schedule, DCF, and supporting analyses all living in the same file. Knowing how...

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10 Jul

What is Pandas

Table of Contents 1. Introduction: What is Pandas?Pandas is a powerful Python library for working with structured financial data. It provides intuitive data structures—like Series (for single columns of data) and DataFrames (for full tables)—that make it easy to clean, analyze, and transform datasets such as price histories, income statements, trading...

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Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)/Depreciation
19 Apr

Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)/Depreciation

What are capital expenditures? Capital expenditures are amounts spent to acquire tangible assets that will be used for more than one year in the operations of a business.  Examples are plant, machinery, equipment, computer software.  These amounts are “capitalized” to the balance sheet as assets and through the income statement over...

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17 Apr

Working Capital

What is working capital? The high level definition of working capital is simply: current assets minus current liabilities.  The three most common working capital items are accounts receivable (asset), inventory (asset) and accounts payable (liability).  These are balance sheet accounts that the company needs to run its business.  For example, receivables...

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15 Apr

Valuation Using Growth Adjusted Multiples

Valuation Using Growth Adjusted Multiples Using comparable trading multiples is a common way to value a company or an asset. In an efficient market, it makes sense that investors should be willing to pay roughly the same amount (per dollar of cash flow or earnings, etc.) for two similar companies. But...

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05 Apr

Long-term Investment (LTI) & Equity Method Investment

What is a Long-term Investment (or “LTI”)? There are different items that could be classified as a long-term investment.  A parent company may have a small ownership stake in another company (i.e. there may be a strategic reason to have an ownership position in a key supplier).  Note – this must...

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03 Apr

Income Tax

What does the Income Tax Expense line on the income statement mean? All companies calculate their income taxes using two sets of rules:   Accounting Rules (IFRS or US GAAP, depending on where the company is based)   Tax Rules (these are set by each country’s government tax agency) The Income Tax Expense line...

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31 Mar

Equity Value

In this article, we’ll explore the topic of Equity Value, basic and diluted shares outstanding, and key ratios related to equity value. Table of Contents How do you calculate equity value? What are basic shares outstanding? What are fully diluted shares outstanding? When do we use Equity Values in ratios? What are some problems with Equity...

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